Chiasmus

Chiasmus This term denotes repetition of the same structure but with the opposite order of elements (a reversed version of syntactic parallelism): Down dropped the breeze, The sails dropped down. (Coleridge) In the days of old men made the manners; Manners now make men. (Byron)

The с loud-like rocks, the rock-like clouds Dissolved in glory float. (Longfellow) The sea is but another sky, The sky a sea as well (ibid) Climax (gradation, градация) and Anticlimax Climax is repetition (lexical or syntactic) of elements of the sentence, which is combined with gradual increase in the degree of some quality or in quantity, or in the emotional colouring of the sentence: A smile would come into Mr. Pickwick's face: the smile extended into a laugh: the laugh into a roar, and the roar became general. (Dickens) Doolittle. I've no hold on her. I got to be agreeable to her. 1 got to give her presents. I got to buy her clothes... I'm a slave to that woman. (Shaw) He was pleased when the child began to adventure across floors on hand and knees; he was gratified, when she managed the trick of balancing herself on two legs; he was delighted when she first said 'ta-ta; and he was rejoiced when she recognised him and smiled at him. (Paton) They looked at hundreds of houses; they climbed thousands of stairs; they inspected innumerable kitchens. (Maugham) The opposite device is called anticlimax, in which case the final element is obviously weaker in degree, or lower in status than the previous; it usually creates a humorous effect: Music makes one feel so romantic — at least it gets on one's nerves, which is the same thing nowadays. (Wilde)

People that have tried it tell me that a clean conscience makes you very happy and contented. But a full stomach does the thing just as well. (Jerome) Doolittle: I'm a thinking man and game for politics or religion or social reform, same as all the other amusements. (Shaw) The autocrat of Russia possesses more power than any other man on earth, but he cannot stop a sneeze. (M. Twain) This war-like speech, received with many a cheer. Had filled them with desire of fame, and beer. (Byron)